Other Minerals
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Trace minerals are essential nutrients required by the body in relatively small amounts (usually less than 100 milligrams per day). Unlike macrominerals, which are needed in larger quantities, trace minerals are necessary in minute quantities but are equally vital for maintaining various physiological functions. Examples of trace minerals include chromium, iodine, manganese, selenium, and zinc. While both macro and trace minerals are essential for overall health, trace minerals play specific roles in enzyme activation, hormone synthesis, immune function, and antioxidant defense.
Chromium enhances the action of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production. Adequate chromium intake helps improve insulin sensitivity and may help stabilize blood sugar levels, making it beneficial for individuals with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes.
Iodine is a trace mineral essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency can lead to thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism particularly in regions with low dietary iodine intake. Adequate iodine intake, either through diet or supplementation, is crucial for maintaining thyroid function and overall health.